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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medications can ease symptoms, but it may cause side effects like tics, or slight growth decreases in children and adolescents. Many people also experience their anxiety rises when they take stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They are also available as a brown or white dust. In large doses, they can cause over-stimulation, resulting in anxiety and stomach cramps, panic, aggression and paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may cause addiction and severe adverse effects, such as heart issues, high pressure and stroke. These medications are also proven to reduce anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing the supply of brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine which are typically less in people suffering from ADHD. This increases activity and communication between parts of the brain that control executive and attention. This leads to increased impulse control and anxiety symptoms decrease. add adult medications have shown that both atomoxetine and the methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Both drugs have shown improvement in anxiety symptoms as early as the 4th week of treatment. The benefit continued for 8 weeks. It is crucial to keep in mind that the type medication that is most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur could depend on which of the conditions is more detrimental to a person’s quality of living. For instance, a person might experience a lot of worry-inducing mini-crises on a regular basis as they rush around to schedule appointments or to keep on top of projects for school or work. These can be stressful and trigger anxiety more often than the symptoms of a panic attack or phobia. In these situations, it might be best to treat the anxiety-related symptoms with antidepressants or SSRIs that have been proven effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. They are typically taken orally and can take a little longer to work, but the most popular options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. These drugs can be utilized together with cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety. They are especially effective if a patient has a racing or elevated heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, including SSRIs (antidepressant drugs) are frequently used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac is the first drug of this group is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic disorder. They are more adaptable and have less side negative effects than the older generation of antidepressants. The SSRIs work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter inside the synapse and communicate with the post synaptic cells more than is the case with other neurotransmitters. This can increase norepinephrine output, which can reduce anxiety symptoms. This can also increase levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) and stimulate protein synthesis. SSRIs also reduce the impulsivity and hyperactivity. They can also improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in individuals with ADHD. However, these medications can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and actions in some people. They can also increase appetite and weight gain when first starting. SNRIs are a different type of antidepressant compared to SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They also impact anxiety. They can improve the functioning of both the blood vessels and the heart muscle. This can reduce feelings like anxiety and stress. Some adults who suffer from bipolar disorder may benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most common SNRIs. The SNRIs can increase blood pressure in some people and should not be used by those with high blood pressure or heart disease. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized in conjunction with medication. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful in reducing anxiety and stress as can yoga and meditation. Some people have found that tapping on specific points on their body, also known as Emotional Freedom Techniques, can help reduce the cortisol hormone that creates anxiety. Exercise and diet can help reduce anxiety. Your doctor may recommend you eat whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and stay away from sugar, as it can cause anxiety in some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant based medicines While stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively studied but they are not always the best option for those with anxiety disorders and ADHD. The stimulant medications can trigger adverse effects like increased heart rate and jitteriness. These symptoms can mimic or worsen symptoms of anxiety. Non-stimulant medicines are a recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They do not raise heart rate or blood pressure and are less likely than stimulant medications to cause anxiety-related side effects like sweating, shaking or nervousness. Atomoxetine works by targeting receptors for norepinephrine, which is a brain chemical that improves concentration and decrease the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It has also been proven to improve anxiety symptoms among adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO to determine whether atomoxetine improved anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another medication that can ease anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is frequently advised for people who suffer from co-existing depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and help reduce anxiety symptoms. It is usually recommended to investigate and treat the root cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD since that will usually reduce anxiety symptoms. In certain cases anxiety symptoms in ADHD children are the cause of their anxiety. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are generally the most effective treatments for anxiety in this situation. This is because these treatments will address the root of the problem and reduce ADHD symptoms and, consequently, decrease anxiety. Antidepressants can also be prescribed to those who have ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, the chemical in the brain that is thought to help relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro and Sertraline. The final decision of which medication is right for you will be made by your physician. Before recommending a drug, they will look at your lifestyle, symptoms, age, as well as other health conditions. It is very important to discuss your goals for treatment with your physician and adhere to a regular schedule when taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial in managing ADHD or anxiety, based on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation and yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques), tapping, sleep, nutrition, exercise, and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people who suffer from anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, making it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He typically prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD before turning to non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine, bupropion, or guanfacine for anxiety disorders. These medications work 24 hours a day and are not controlled substances as stimulants are.